Programming language · 2014

Crystal

Programming language.

Official site ›
Crystal logo
Ruby, Crystal, LLVMWritten in
2014First released
Ary Borenzweig and Manas Technology SolutionsDeveloper
staticTyping
Apache Software License 2.0License
Built from Crystal RubyCrystalLLVMGo
BootstrapCompilerInfluence

What is Crystal written in?

The Crystal compiler is written in Crystal, LLVM, and Ruby (documented). Crystal uses a bootstrap chain from Ruby (documented). Crystal is self-hosting.

What Crystal is used for

Crystal offers Ruby-like syntax with static typing and native compilation, aimed at developers who want Ruby's productivity with much higher performance.

Notable use: web APIs and tools where teams want Ruby ergonomics without the runtime cost.

Quick Facts

Developer
Ary Borenzweig and Manas Technology Solutions
First released
2014
Typing
static
License
Apache Software License 2.0
Filename extension
.cr

About Crystal

Crystal is a programming language. It is a statically typed and garbage-collected language that compiles ahead of time to native machine code. It supports object-oriented and imperative programming.

Crystal first appeared in 2014. Development is led by Ary Borenzweig and Manas Technology Solutions. Crystal is now used mainly in specialized niches and by dedicated communities.

How Crystal is implemented

In the Language Lineage dataset, Crystal is self-hosting, so its own compiler is written in Crystal itself and its toolchain was bootstrapped from Ruby. Reaching self-hosting, where a language is mature enough to compile itself, is a milestone that proves the language can handle a large, real-world program.

Crystal in the language family tree

Crystal drew on ideas from Ruby and Go.

Sources: Wikipedia · Wikidata · Official site

Frequently Asked Questions

What language is Crystal written in?
Crystal is primarily implemented in Ruby and Crystal and LLVM. See the implementation section above for details and source references.
What languages influenced Crystal?
Crystal was influenced by Ruby, Go among others. See the influence section above for the full list.
Is Crystal self-hosting?
Yes, Crystal is self-hosting, its compiler can compile itself.
When was Crystal first released?
Crystal was first released in 2014.

Evidence Sources

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<iframe src="https://www.languagelineage.org/embed?lang=crystal" width="100%" height="500" loading="lazy" style="border:0" title="Crystal relationship graph"></iframe>

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