Programming language · 1995

Ruby

General-purpose programming language.

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Ruby logo
CWritten in
1995First released
Yukihiro MatsumotoDeveloper
dynamicTyping
Ruby License, GNU General Public License, version 2.0, and 2-clause BSD LicenseLicense
Built fromInfluenced Ruby CSmalltalkPerlLispPythonEiffelCrystalElixirCoffeeScriptJuliaGroovyD
RuntimeInfluence
ReplacedPerl and PHP for fast web development, through Rails
Being replaced byJavaScript/TypeScript and Python for many new web back-ends

What is Ruby written in?

The reference implementation of Ruby, called MRI or CRuby, is written in C. Alternative implementations include JRuby (Java) and TruffleRuby (Java/GraalVM).

What Ruby is used for

Ruby is best known for web development through Ruby on Rails, which popularized convention-over-configuration and rapid prototyping. It is also widely used for scripting, automation, and DevOps tooling.

Notable software: GitHub, Shopify, Airbnb's early platform, and the Homebrew package manager are built with Ruby.

About Ruby

Ruby is a general-purpose programming language. It is a dynamically typed and garbage-collected language that is executed directly by an interpreter. It supports object-oriented, imperative, and functional programming.

Ruby first appeared in 1995 and was designed by Yukihiro Matsumoto. Ruby has a large, active user base today.

Ruby in the language family tree

Ruby drew on ideas from Smalltalk, Python, Perl, Lisp, and Eiffel and went on to influence Crystal, Elixir, CoffeeScript, Groovy, D, and Julia.

Sources: Wikipedia · Wikidata · Official site

Quick Facts

Short answer
CRuby/MRI is written in C
Created by
Yukihiro Matsumoto, 1995
Other implementations
JRuby (Java), TruffleRuby (GraalVM)
Execution
Bytecode on the YARV virtual machine

Ruby implementations

ImplementationWritten inRole
CRuby / MRICReference implementation; runs YARV bytecode
JRubyJavaRuby on the JVM
TruffleRubyJavaHigh-performance Ruby on GraalVM

Frequently Asked Questions

What language is Ruby written in?
Ruby's reference implementation, MRI (also called CRuby), is written in C. Alternative implementations include JRuby, written in Java, and TruffleRuby, built on the GraalVM in Java.
What languages influenced Ruby?
Ruby was influenced by Smalltalk, Python, Perl among others. See the influence section above for the full list.
Which languages did Ruby influence?
Ruby influenced Crystal, Elixir, CoffeeScript among others.
When was Ruby first released?
Ruby was first released in 1995. It was designed by Yukihiro Matsumoto.

Evidence Sources

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