Site Directory
A complete index of every language, tool, and question on Language Lineage.
Programming Languages
- ABC
- ActionScript
- Ada
- Agda
- Alef
- ALGOL
- ALGOL 68
- Angular
- APL
- Assembly
- ATS
- AWK
- B
- Bash
- BASIC
- BCPL
- Bourne Shell
- C
- C#
- C++
- Carbon
- Chapel
- Clean
- Clojure
- CLU
- COBOL
- CoffeeScript
- Common Lisp
- COMTRAN
- Coq
- Crystal
- Cyclone
- Cython
- D
- Dart
- Delphi
- Dylan
- Eiffel
- Elixir
- Elm
- Erlang
- F#
- Factor
- FLOW-MATIC
- Forth
- Fortran
- Fortran 95
- Free Pascal
- Gleam
- GNU Guile
- Go
- Groovy
- Hack
- Hare
- Haskell
- Haxe
- Hope
- Icon
- Idris
- Io
- J
- Java
- JavaScript
- Julia
- Kotlin
- Lazy ML
- Lean
- Limbo
- Lisp
- Logo
- Lua
- LuaJIT
- Machine Code
- MATLAB
- Mercury
- Mesa
- Miranda
- ML
- Modula-2
- Modula-3
- Mojo
- Move
- mypy
- Newsqueak
- Nim
- Nix
- Oberon
- Oberon-2
- Objective-C
- OCaml
- occam
- Odin
- Pascal
- Perl
- Pharo
- PHP
- PL/I
- Planner
- Pony
- PowerShell
- Prolog
- PureScript
- Python
- Q#
- R
- Racket
- Raku
- ReasonML
- ReScript
- Roc
- Ruby
- Rust
- S
- Scala
- Scheme
- Self
- Simula
- Smalltalk
- SNOBOL
- Solidity
- Speedcoding
- Standard ML
- Swift
- Tcl
- TypeScript
- Unison
- V
- Vala
- Visual Basic .NET
- Wren
- Zig
Compilers & Tools
- .NET Runtime
- Babel
- BEAM VM
- Chez Scheme
- Clang
- esbuild
- FemtoLisp
- GCC
- GHC
- GraalVM
- HHVM
- HotSpot JVM
- JavaScriptCore
- LLVM
- MoarVM
- mrustc
- QuickJS
- Roslyn
- SpiderMonkey
- SWC
- V8
Guides & Articles
- What is Compiler Bootstrapping?
- What is a Self-Hosting Compiler?
- Compiler vs Interpreter vs Runtime
- Programming Language Family Tree
- How JavaScript Engines Work
- How Python is Implemented
- How Rust is Bootstrapped
- GCC vs LLVM: Compiler Infrastructure
- How Are Programming Languages Made?
- V8 vs SpiderMonkey vs JavaScriptCore
- TypeScript vs JavaScript Compilers: tsc, swc, esbuild
- GraalVM vs HotSpot: Two JVM Implementations Compared
- How Modern Languages Trace Their Toolchains Back to C
Implementation Questions
- What is Python written in?
- What is JavaScript written in?
- What is Rust written in?
- What is Go written in?
- What is Java written in?
- What is C written in?
- What is C++ written in?
- What is TypeScript written in?
- What is Ruby written in?
- What is V8 written in?
- What is CPython written in?
- What is compiler bootstrapping?
- What is a self-hosting compiler?
- Is JavaScript written in C?
- Is rustc written in Rust?
- Is Rust a compiled language?
- What is Fortran written in?
- What is Lisp written in?
- What is COBOL written in?
- What is ALGOL written in?
- What is Simula written in?
- What is B written in?
- What is Pascal written in?
- What is Smalltalk written in?
- What is ML written in?
- What is Scheme written in?
- What is Prolog written in?
- What is Ada written in?
- What is Objective-C written in?
- What is Erlang written in?
- What is Perl written in?
- What is Standard ML written in?
- What is Haskell written in?
- What is Common Lisp written in?
- What is OCaml written in?
- What is PHP written in?
- What is R written in?
- What is Racket written in?
- What is C# written in?
- What is Lua written in?
- What is D written in?
- What is Scala written in?
- What is F# written in?
- What is Clojure written in?
- What is CoffeeScript written in?
- What is Kotlin written in?
- What is Dart written in?
- What is Elixir written in?
- What is Elm written in?
- What is Julia written in?
- What is Swift written in?
- What is Crystal written in?
- What is PureScript written in?
- What is Nim written in?
- What is Zig written in?
- What is Carbon written in?
- What is Mojo written in?
- What is Groovy written in?
- What is Visual Basic .NET written in?
- What is FLOW-MATIC written in?
- What is COMTRAN written in?
- What is Planner written in?
- What is Newsqueak written in?
- What is Limbo written in?
- What is Oberon-2 written in?
- What is Alef written in?
- What is Cyclone written in?
- What is CLU written in?
- What is Gleam written in?
- What is Oberon written in?
- What is ABC written in?
- What is Modula-3 written in?
- What is Icon written in?
- What is Dylan written in?
- What is Modula-2 written in?
- What is Self written in?
- What is Miranda written in?
- What is MATLAB written in?
- What is Idris written in?
- What is Agda written in?
- What is Cython written in?
- What is APL written in?
- What is Delphi written in?
- What is J written in?
- What is Mercury written in?
- What is ALGOL 68 written in?
- What is PL/I written in?
- What is Bash written in?
- What is Tcl written in?
- What is AWK written in?
- What is Bourne Shell written in?
- What is Angular written in?
- What is LuaJIT written in?
- What is S written in?
- What is Pharo written in?
- What is GNU Guile written in?
- What is mypy written in?
- What is Free Pascal written in?
- What is Fortran 95 written in?
- What is Raku written in?
- What is Hack written in?
- What is ReScript written in?
- What is Forth written in?
- What is Solidity written in?
- What is Io written in?
- What is Speedcoding written in?
- What is Roc written in?
- What is Unison written in?
- What is Lean written in?
- What is Coq written in?
- What is Q# written in?
- What is PowerShell written in?
- What is Haxe written in?
- What is ActionScript written in?
- What is Chapel written in?
- What is Pony written in?
- What is Hare written in?
- What is Factor written in?
- What is Nix written in?
- What is Move written in?